Pros and Cons of School Uniforms

They come in soft yellow polo shirts. They come in white blouses. They come in plaid skirts or jumpers. They come in pleated pants, navy or khaki. They are all made of durable fabric. They come in all sizes. They are school uniforms. And despite their name,  uniform, which means remaining the same in all cases and at all times, school uniforms can still look different from one student to another. Over the past twenty years, school uniforms have become a big business. The Statistic Brain Website (2017) counts that 23% of all public and private schools have a uniform policy. That means there are annual school uniform sales of over $1.3 million annually, with the average cost of $249/student. School Uniforms Defined Uniforms used at schools can range from the formal to the informal. Some schools that have implemented them have chosen what one usually thinks of in connection to private or parochial schools: nice trousers and white shirts for boys, jumpers and white shirts for girls. However, most public schools are turning to something more casual and more acceptable to parents and students: khakis or jeans and knit shirts of varying colors. The latter appears to be more affordable too because they can be used outside of school. Many school districts that have implemented uniforms have provided some sort of financial assistance for families that can not afford the extra expense. Pros of School Uniforms â€Å"Uniform of a soldier and uniform of a student both are equally needed for the nation.†Ã¢â‚¬â€¢Ã‚  Amit Kalantri, (author) Wealth of Words​ Some of the reason offered to support school uniforms are the following: Preventing gang colors, etc. in schoolsDecreasing violence and theft because of clothing and shoesInstilling discipline among studentsReducing need for administrators and teachers to be clothes police (for example, determining whether shorts are too short, etc.)Reducing distractions for studentsInstilling a sense of communityHelping schools recognize those who do not belong on campus The arguments for school uniforms hinge on their effectiveness in practice. Anecdotal information from administrators in schools that have implemented uniform policies point to the fact that they do have a positive effect on discipline and the school. Note that all of the following were from middle schools. In Long Beach (1995), officials found that the year after their mandatory program with parental opt-out was implemented, overall school crime decreased by 36%. More recently, a  2012  study found that after a year of having a uniform policy at a middle school in  Nevada, school police data showed a 63% decrease in police log reports. In Seattle, Washington, which has a mandatory policy with an opt-out saw a decrease in truancy and tardies. They had also not had a reported incident of theft. As a final example from Baltimore, Maryland, Rhonda Thompson, an official from a middle school that has a voluntary policy noticed a sense of seriousness about work. Whether any of these results can be directly linked to school uniforms is hard to say. However, it can be said that something has changed to make the officials take notice. We can not discount the coincidence of school uniforms with these changes either. If you would like more information about schools that have implemented uniform policies, see the Department of Educations Manual on School Uniforms. Cons of School Uniforms â€Å"[On school uniforms] Dont these schools do enough damage making all these kids think alike, now they have to make them look alike too? -George Carlin, comedian Some of the arguments made against uniforms include: Students and parents argue that uniforms violate their freedom of expression (see the next page of this article for more about what the Supreme Court has to say on this)Some students might choose to express their individuality through other means such as body piercing which is harder to regulate.Parents raise concerns about the cost.Because uniforms single out students as being from one school, this might lead to trouble with students from other schools.Families fear it might interfere with religious clothing like yarmulkes.A new policy for school uniforms can be time-consuming and difficult to enforce. There are concerns that uniforms are often associated with low-income, urban school settings. The Institute of Educational Science National Center  for Educational Statistics noted that in  2013–14: A higher percentage of schools where 76 percent or more of students were eligible for free or reduced-price lunch required school uniforms than did schools where lower percentages of students were eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. Other concerns have been raised by David L. Brunsma, an associate professor of sociology at the University of Missouri-Columbia. He analyzed data from schools nationwide, and published research with co-author, Kerry Ann Rockquemore that concluded that 10th-grade public school students who wore uniforms did no better than those who did not in attendance, behavior, or drug use. Conclusion: The effectiveness of uniforms will be a subject of continuing research as more schools look for solutions to socio-economic problems of attendance, discipline, bullying, student motivation, family engagement, or economic need.  And while a school uniform may be only a small part of the solution for all of these ills, they do solve one major issue, the dress code violation. As  Principal Rudolph Saunders  explains to Education Week (1/12/2005) that before school uniforms, â€Å"I would spend 60 to 90 minutes a day on dress-code violations. Of course, there are always those students who will try to alter a uniform for individuality. Skirts can be rolled up, pants can be dropped below the waist, and (inappropriate?) messages on T-shirts can still be read through issued button-down shirts. In short, there is no guarantee that  student wearing a school uniform will always meet the dress code standard. Supreme Court Rulings In Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School (1969), the court said that a students freedom of expression in school must be protected unless it would seriously interfere with the requirements of appropriate discipline. In the dissenting opinion written by Justice Hugo Black, he said, If the time has come when pupils of state-supported schools ... can defy and flout orders of school officials to keep their minds on their own schoolwork, it is the beginning of a new revolutionary era of permissiveness in this country fostered by the judiciary. Students are still protected under Tinker. However, with an increase in school violence and gang-related activities, the political climate seems to have turned more conservative, and the Supreme Court has begun to return many decisions back to the discretion of the local school board. The issue of school uniforms itself, however, has not yet been dealt with by the Supreme Court. Schools must educate students in a safe environment. Over time, education has often slipped away as the main focus of schools. As we have unfortunately seen, school safety is such an enormous issue that it is hard to come up with policies that truly work without turning a school into a prison camp. After the events at Columbine High School in 1999 where students were singled out partially for what they wore, and after numerous thefts and murders over designer shoes, it is obvious why many school districts want to institute uniforms. We must realize that learning cannot take place without some sense of decorum and discipline. Possibly instituting school uniforms might help bring back that sense of decorum and allow teachers to do what they are hired to do: teach. Parent and Student Support for Uniforms Many schools have in fact made the choice to have students wear school uniforms. Until the Supreme Court rules otherwise, this is entirely up to the school district. However, they do still have to follow state and federal anti-discrimination laws when they make their polices.Following are some ideas to make the use of uniforms easier to accept by students and parents:Make uniforms more casual - jeans and a knit shirtAllow students an outlet for their own expression: buttons to support political candidates, but not gang related paraphernaliaProvide financial assistance to those parents who can not afford the uniformsAccommodate students religious beliefs. This is required by the Religious Freedom Restoration Act.Make your program voluntary if community pressure is too largeInstitute an opt-out provision. Not including this would probably cause a court to rule against your program unless there is proof that lesser measures are ineffective.Make uniforms an integral part of the school sa fety program.

Assisted Suicide For People With A Cid - 901 Words

After viewing the Not Dead Yet website, the readings, and refreshing my memory on what I know about assisted suicide, I do not support assisted suicide for people with a CID. The reason for my answer is that I cannot support an individual who would commit suicide, or request assisted suicide. The two are basically the same thing as an individual ending their life, because of a health and/or mental issue. We all were given life for a reason. It is not destined for all of us to live forever; it may or may not be possible. However, we are to live our life to the fullest, until it is our time to go. We do have our human rights, but killing each other and ourselves is not what we are to be doing. We should not be planning our deaths, or when to die. As for an individual with CID to request assisted suicide, it is really hard for me to explain. I understand individuals with a CID are in pain, judged, and are inflicted with negative thoughts related towards them from others, and also for wh at they think of themselves†¦ but assisted suicide is something I would not aim for. Also, in my opinion, it is wrong when it comes to a physician to assist an individual with assisted suicide. Even though your patient is asking for/wants assisted suicide, you are still in the act of killing your patient. I feel as though that would be a burden on me to take a person’s life when their time is not up. b. List the issues, based on your reading, that support your argument. Include societal,Show MoreRelatedEssay Euthanasia1740 Words   |  7 PagesEuthanasia The right to die with dignity, euthanasia and physician assisted suicide is a very sensitive issue debated in this country today. Euthanasia is the act of painlessly ending the life of a person for the reason of mercy. It is sometimes referred to as mercy killing. Americans are hearing more and more horror stories of the elderly tragically killing his or her spouse in order to avoid painful and horrible deaths. It is sad and amazing the extreme measure one had to go throughRead MoreEuthanasia Should be Legalized1776 Words   |  8 Pagesit comes to this very delicate topic about people choosing to end their life. Of course, for an individual to follow their own religion in a personal situation or personal opinion on Euthanasia is absolutely more than acceptable but when it is comes to handling it with the whole society, religion simply cannot play a bigger role than a personal opinion. Since Euthanasia comes in several different forms, I am choosing to discuss about assisted suicide because this form of Euthanasia is the mostRead MoreToxicology3940 Words   |  16 PagesForensic toxicologists study the blood and tissues of living people as well as deceased persons. The rapid advancement of technology in the last century and, in particular, the last three decades, has helped forensic scientists solve many crimes, even those that had been cold for decades. Technology is quickly changing and improving the methods by which crimes can be solved. The first evidence of scientific methods being used to identify people occurred in China in 700BC. Chinese artists used fingerprintsRead MoreEssay Paper84499 Words   |  338 Pagespromoted. Chapter 3 Army Well-Being 3–1. General This chapter discusses the overarching command responsibility for â€Å"taking care of people.† Applied at all levels of command, the principles of Army Well-being form the basis upon which commanders and other leaders understand and AR 600–20 †¢ 18 March 2008 19 support the individual aspirations of their people while focusing on mission accomplishment. Such leadership creates the environment necessary to maximize the human dimension of ArmyRead MoreYoung People Essay14812 Words   |  60 PagesStandard 1: understanding the principles and values essential for working with children and young people. 1. Principles and values a. Show how you promote the principles and values essential for working with children; young people their families and their carers. .At Clayfields house all children, young people their families and carers are all treated with respect. Families and carers are always updated on children’s or young people’s progress during their time at Clayfields and any

Is Cell Phone Communication Secure - 1068 Words

Is Cell Phone Communication Secure? According to a 2010 survey by the CDC (Center For Disease Control) 26.6% of US households use only cell phones at home (Blumberg). With such a large amount of people depending on cellular for communications it is important to understand the security risks they face. Cell phone communication is not completely secure but the risk depends on a variety of variables, user habits, interception points, and user vigilance. Legally no one is supposed to listen to cell phone calls but it does happen. In April of 1994 the Federal Communications Commission â€Å"ruled no radio scanners may be manufactured or imported into the U.S. that can pick up frequencies used by cellular telephones, or that can be†¦show more content†¦Phones would then switch to 2G and hook up with his rogue tower (Zetter.)† Interception on the Landline Many times law enforcement and Governments have access to phone calls either through wiretaps or software that monitors networks. Encryption has been not allowed to by the best possible in some circumstances due to the governments desire to be able to monitor this voice traffic. The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) has a page with some information on how to protect against such things as wiretapping. The Other End of the Call No matter how secure one endpoint of the call it is only as secure as its weakest link. If the other end of the call is on a less secure phone or pipeline any conversation is subject to interception. User Vigilance Downloading apps, allowing other to have access to your phone or someone with the knowledge and hardware can result in your conversations being monitored whether you are on the phone or not. Apps that record sound patterns were detailed in an article entitled â€Å"Snooping: Its not a crime, its a feature† (Elgan) these apps can listen for sounds when someone is in the room. Programs such as such as Flexispy allow others that have access a persons phone to install software to activate the microphone and listen in to talk in a room. In addition virus installed through downloads can do the same. Government also has access toShow MoreRelatedMobile Distributed Systems For Secure Communication Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesSystems for secure communication Team: Saylee Joshi Shrutee Patil Abstract: Wireless communication and mobility introduced a new paradigm in Distributed Systems. We examined short-range wireless data transmission using mobile agent (developed using Android OS). Presence of mobility in distributed systems introduces new challenges of reliable and secure communication. In this project, we propose a secure way of communication via wireless network (comprised of P2P nodes) – Bluetooth and secure the dataRead MoreResearch Report On Near Field Communication1603 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract: Near field correspondence (NFC) is an innovation that empowers cell phones and different gadgets to set up radio correspondence with one another by touching the gadgets together. This report will introduce a bout the technology, how NFC works technically, the various sub categories of its applications and the pros and cons. Introduction Near field Communication (NFC) is described as a short-range radio communication innovation with a considerable measure of potential, particularly when connectedRead MoreDigital Citizenship Must Be Defined As The Norms Of Appropriate1168 Words   |  5 Pagessomeone on his or her phone, tablet, or laptop. Now in the twenty first century, toddlers know how to navigate a cell phone better than some adults. Kids do not go outside and play anymore like they use to, because of the accessible technology today. With so many people frequently using technology, it is no surprise that there is a lot of misusing and abusing of the digital world. It is important to be a good digital citizen by learning to communicate safely with digital communication, Digital health andRead MoreBenefits Of Cell Phones For Young Children882 Words   |  4 PagesAs today’s world has evolved with over 6 billion people having mobile phones; communication has become further of a necessity for older human bei ngs. As parents, some do not grasp a reason for their young ones having a cell phone in their possession at all times. However, as parents more or less understand the necessity of their younger children having a form of communication to and from home. Having a cell phone in today’s society has become a modicum of what some perceive on an everyday basis,Read MoreNow is the Perfect Time to Invest in a Phone667 Words   |  3 Pagessafety of the user, new an elegant products can be found at every turn of the road. Communication plays an important role in every humans life. Communication have concurred over visual effects, social media, and personalizing information. Communication is connection that links the sender to the receiver which was achieved first by the invention of phones. As phones become more common for our daily lives, the cell phone companies have made arrangements to help supply this product to the customer at aRead MoreModern Technology Has Changed Our Lives Ess ay1696 Words   |  7 Pagesaffected by modern technology from day to day; especially the communication technology has changed the people lives in many ways. Mobile phone is a part of this technology that people can contact each other all over the world through wireless. The invention of this technology has created an unforgettable even in human history, and also the most important for our lives because of its advantages to people in society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mobile phone has changed our lives which we can be seen and used every dayRead MoreEncryption and Its Uses in Communication1443 Words   |  6 Pagesaspect of our daily lives. Everywhere we go and everything we do now involves some sort of encryption technology. From turning on our cars to using a card access to gain entry to our workplace, encryption is there. More specifically, encryption in communication is a vital component to everyday life. Without encryption, our lives would be much different and unsecure. According to Oded Goldreich (2004), There are 2 main types of encryption: One is called Symmetric-key and the other is public-key encryptionRead MoreInformation Systems Security1081 Words   |  5 Pagesvulnerable to attack. A network is only as secure as its weakest link. Personal Communication Devices and Voicemail Policy 1.0 Purpose This document describes Information Security s requirements for Personal Communication Devices and Voicemail for Richman. 2.0 Scope This policy applies to any use of Personal Communication Devices and Richman Voicemail issued by Richman or used for Richman business. 3.0 Policy 3.1 Issuing Policy Personal Communication Devices (PCDs) will be issued onlyRead MoreMobile Devices : Cellular Device Safety982 Words   |  4 Pagestechnical controls or poor security from the consumer. Cell phones are communication at your fingertips and are a daily â€Å"must have† source for information, entertainment and networking. Unfortunately, just like desktop computers, cell phones are targets for malicious attacks, therefore prompting device security. Based on such assertion, this paper will describe the emerging threats, challenges, and how to utilize good security practices for cellular phones. When choosing a cellular device it is best toRead MoreThe Information Age Is Now Upon Us1004 Words   |  5 PagesThe Information Age is now upon us. In the world today, technology is used all around us. Through the use of computers, cell phones, video game consoles and many other technologically advanced products. It also has changed the way we communicate completely. The information age is changing peoples every day activities and making tedious tasks run more efficiently. Robots are performing jobs that are normally done by humans and completing them at a faster rate. In Zeynep Tufekci article Failing the

Essay on Social Work Methods - 2232 Words

The purpose of this paper is to define, describe and apply social work models to my recent placement experience, and an initial assessment that I observed. My twenty day placement was at a Christian voluntary adoption agency, based in England. They do not have contracts with local authorities in Wales, but do work with them as and when their help in finding potential families to adopt children is required. Although a voluntary agency they work within the Adoption and Children Act 2002, Children Act 2004, Care Standards Act 2000. The prospective adopters approach the agency themselves. The agency offers a non discriminatory approach; they do not judge people by their age, culture, sexual orientation, marital status or ethnicity. There†¦show more content†¦Due to arriving early we parked a small distance away from the property. X may not have been quite ready to see us and we did not want to rush her (Koprowska 2008). We noticed that the property was for sale. The reason for this needed to be established as any uncertainty during the adoption process could be detrimental in having an adoption order granted. On arriving at the property we introduced ourselves and engaged in some small talk mostly about the weather, which was quite nice that day following a prolonged period of snow. Thompson (2003, p.86) refers to small talk as ‘phatic communication.’ On entrance into her home we were asked would we like a drink and invited to sit down. We asked where we were to be seated; this would enable X to identify where she would feel most comfortable during the interview. X also asked us to call her by her first name. My practice teacher chose to sit opposite her, within a comfortable distance. Regular eye contact was made by the practitioner in what appeared to be a non intrusive way. No signs of feeling uncomfortable were displayed by X. No physical barriers were evident. Be they by the behaviour expressed by X or my practitioner, actions that displayed disengagement such as poor eye contact, poor body posture, or by physical barriers caused by room setting (Moss 2008). My practice teacher explained the purpose of the interview, and what would happen after the meeting. She highlighted that if at any time during the processShow MoreRelatedGeneralist Social Work Practice Methods771 Words   |  4 PagesGeneralist Social Work Practice Methods has been an informative course and highly addresses a lot of skills that we will use during our social work careers. Through learning different assessment models, identifying different crisis situations, and discussing several different populations that we w ill work with in the future, I was able to self-reflect on my own personal values and ethics that will allow me to grow as a Social Worker. Within the 7 weeks of this course, completing journals that addressRead MoreSocial Work Theories, Methods and Skills2545 Words   |  11 PagesSocial Work Theories, Methods and Skills Within this assignment I will recognise what and who is priority in relation to the case study involving Sharon, Alice and James. I will ascertain and analyse the models of assessment and look at methods of intervention and identify which is most appropriate when working with Sharon, Alice and James. I will identify why I have used the theories, methods and skills that informed the care plan I have used. My main priority would be Sharon and the appointmentRead MoreThe Effect of the Social Context of Scientific Work on the Methods and Findings of Science637 Words   |  3 PagesEffect of the Social Context of Scientific Work on the Methods and Findings of Science The world society is in a constant state of fluidity regarding everything from social customs and slang to technology and inventions. With even more abundance, scientific understanding and questioning evolve as time progresses. As the human race changes and grows, scientific knowledge of the world and universe must expand to accommodate the growth. To a large extent, the social situations Read MoreResearch Methods in Nursing and Social Work: Critical Appraisal Paper.1061 Words   |  5 PagesResearch methods in Nursing and Social Work: Critical appraisal paper. The aim of this assignment is to look at two written research papers and carry out a critical assessment on them. I will present the assignment in two parts, Appendix 1 which is the first research paper called, â€Å"What professionals think about offenders with learning disabilities in the criminal justice system†. This article conducts a research and its aim is to find out whether people with learning disabilities are being treatedRead MoreThe Use Of Group Work And Family Group Conferencing As Methods Of Intervention1121 Words   |  5 PagesTask 1 Analyse the use of Group work/family group conferencing as methods of intervention. Group Work This work will focus on the meaning, the five stages of Tuckman’s theory, the approaches and the uses of group work. Group work refers to a method of social work practice which is concerned with the recognition and use of processes which occur when three or more people work together towards a common purpose (Trevithick, 2005). According to Garvin, Gutierrez and Galinsky (2004), the properties thatRead MoreExplain Stretegies to Overcome Barriers to Effective Communication1392 Words   |  6 PagesHealth And Social Care(Communication) . btec national diploma in health and social care level (1C) | Unit 1: Developing effective communication in health and social care | P4: explain strategies used in health and social care environments to overcome barriers to effective communication and interpersonal interactions. | | | For this question I am going to explain strategies used in health and social care environments to overcome barriers to effective communication and interpersonalRead MoreThe Five Stages Of Tuckman s Theory1107 Words   |  5 PagesGroup Work This work will focus on the meaning, the five stages of Tuckman’s theory, the approaches and the uses of group work. Group work refers to a method of social work practice which is concerned with the recognition and use of processes which occur when three or more people work together towards a common purpose (Trevithick, 2005). According to Garvin, Gutierrez and Galinsky (2004), the properties that can be use to describe and change group on which the influence may have an impact includeRead MoreCancer Pain Management And The Role Of Social Work855 Words   |  4 Pages According to Glajchen, Myra; Blum Diane; and Calder, Kimberly, in this article â€Å"Cancer pain management and the role of social work: Barriers and interventions,† will increase social workers’ awareness of the pervasiveness of cancer-related pain. (Scott Reeves, 2010) It is vital for a social worker to identify the barriers and develop a plan of intervention that include; communication, assessment, problem solving, and psychological support. The quality of life has become more and moreRead MoreEvaluation Of A Program Evaluation1017 Words   |  5 PagesEvaluation is an important factor in determining if an agency is producing successful results. Usually a program evaluation is requested or brought forth by a specific concern that is in need of being addressed. This type of practice-based research method provides agencies with accountability. Sometimes a program evaluation is needed in order for some agencies to continue to receive funding to keep their programs, to meet accreditation standards, and to ensure clients are being helped by the programsRead MoreThe Topic Of Evidence Based Practice1109 Words   |  5 Pagespractice (EBP) in Social Work. This paper will discuss the definition of EBP, why EBP is used in Social Work, the positive and negative sides of EBP, and finally an example of EBP being used within an agency setting. The information gathered is coming from three separate scholarly journal articles, a podcast episode, and the National Association of Social Workers Code of Ethics (NASW Code). Keywords: Evidence Based Practice, National Association of Social Workers, Code of Ethics, Social Work, Research,

Taming Of The Shrew 2 Essay Example For Students

Taming Of The Shrew 2 Essay In the Taming of the Shrew, Petruchio recognizes, respects and desires Kates intelligence and strength of character. He does not want to conquer or truly tame her. He is a man who is very confident in himself and does not want or need someone to massage his ego. Petruchio seems to me to be a man of sport and challenge and likes to surround himself with witty, challenging people. He wants in a mate what Kate has fire. From Petruchios response to his friend Hortensio (I.ii.64-75), it might be said that Petruchio came to Padua to make himself richer by marriage, to any woman, no matter how wretched. Petruchio is not in desperate need of money (I.ii.56-57). He tells Hortensio (I.ii.49-57) that his father has died and that he is out in the world to gain experiences he cannot at home and only secondarily to find a wife. Also, immediately before this declaration, is the scene of misunderstanding between he and his servant Grumio about knocking on the gate (I.ii.5-43). I see this exchange as demonstration of his enjoyment of verbal sport, a good example of Petruchios sense of humor and his appreciation of things non-conventional. Though Petruchio may not agree with what society has determined to be proper and dignified, he is aware of the importance of appearing to conform. In what he says to Hortensio, I feel he is simply extending this sport and humor into the ironic. It is in Hortensios description of Kate that I believe Petruchios interest is captured. Hortensio describes Kate (I.ii.85-89) as wealthy, young, beautiful, properly brought up intolerably cursed, shrewed and froward. Though Hortensio finds the last three traits negative characteristics, Petruchio appears to be a man who also posses, and is proud of, these negative qualities. That the qualities are considered negative in Kate and not Petruchio is a reflection of the societal standards of the fifteen hundreds. It was okay for a man to be that way, but not a woman. Petruchio is the kind of man who would want a mate with similar qualities to his own to challenge him, sharpen his wits and keep his interest. If he had wanted someone who was conformed to societies expectations, or who had already determined to deceive by concealing opinions and views, he would have chosen someone more like Bianca. However, Petruchio is a clever man who sees beyond fa?ades because he uses them, in addition t o a lot of irony himself (II.i.46), (II.i.283-289). It is clear in Grumio and his other servants (as demonstrated in the opening of act 4 (IV.i.1-113) that Petruchio prefers the interesting to the conventional. But because Petruchio understands the ways of society, he knows he must demonstrate to Kate the importance of proper public appearance. To Petruchio it is appearance rather than genuine conformance that is important. Otherwise, the woman he loves would be called names and treated in ways Petruchio might be required by honor to defend. In his ironic way, Petruchio does speak consistently about making Kate yield to him (II.i.124,136), (II.i.269-271) and of his monetary motivation (II.i.123,124). But, his methods are sportsman-like (Falconry, (IV.i.183-190) and game-like demonstrations of the outrageous (beating Grumio because Kates horse stumbled IV.i,68-80). Petruchios servants like him very well and enjoy his entertainments. In what Petruchio says following he and Kates first meeting (when her father walks in with Gremio and Tranio (II.i.269)) it becomes clear just how heavily Petruchio employs irony. He states that he is born to tame and conform Kate. Though the servants he has chosen to surround himself with are neither tame nor conforming to what most would consider proper servants. He also says he must and will have Katherine for his wife. This is a man who is completely taken by this woman: he called her properly by her formal name and says he will have her. Petruchio is as taken by Kates person as the other suitors are taken by Biancas beauty and coyness. .ua3fd1afef27849dff8878a6d3b0a17e6 , .ua3fd1afef27849dff8878a6d3b0a17e6 .postImageUrl , .ua3fd1afef27849dff8878a6d3b0a17e6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua3fd1afef27849dff8878a6d3b0a17e6 , .ua3fd1afef27849dff8878a6d3b0a17e6:hover , .ua3fd1afef27849dff8878a6d3b0a17e6:visited , .ua3fd1afef27849dff8878a6d3b0a17e6:active { border:0!important; } .ua3fd1afef27849dff8878a6d3b0a17e6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua3fd1afef27849dff8878a6d3b0a17e6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua3fd1afef27849dff8878a6d3b0a17e6:active , .ua3fd1afef27849dff8878a6d3b0a17e6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua3fd1afef27849dff8878a6d3b0a17e6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua3fd1afef27849dff8878a6d3b0a17e6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua3fd1afef27849dff8878a6d3b0a17e6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua3fd1afef27849dff8878a6d3b0a17e6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua3fd1afef27849dff8878a6d3b0a17e6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua3fd1afef27849dff8878a6d3b0a17e6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua3fd1afef27849dff8878a6d3b0a17e6 .ua3fd1afef27849dff8878a6d3b0a17e6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua3fd1afef27849dff8878a6d3b0a17e6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Midsummers Night Dream1 EssayIn the above scene, Petruchio tells Kate to never make denial. He knows she is not yet convinced, but is telling her to trust him and go along with what he says for the sake of appearance. This slowly sinks into Kate and finally takes hold when she understands Petruchios way of irony on the way home to her fathers (IV.v.12-22). Because they are so much alike, Kate takes very quickly to Petruchios games of words and irony (IV.v.37-50). Petruchio is the kind of lively person who would be disappointed in a victory too easily won, and disappointed in Kate if she were genuinely tamed. I feel certain she will have her victories, and Petruchio will enjoy them as much as his own.

Risk Management- Analysis of Insurance Contracts

Question: Discuss about a Report on Risk Management- Analysis of Insurance Contracts? Answer: Introduction: An analysis on the established theory of insurance contracts has been made through the argumentative essay. The established theory taken here is the causative theory which involves two types of insurance parties which are first and third party instances. Through this, the efficient proximate cause is studied through case analysis. The efficient proximate cause taken here for the study is peril causes direct loss. There are three types of perils which are immediate peril, intervening peril and initiating peril. The insurance policies that are covered by fire and its related causes are the cases taken for study. The immediate peril refers to causes that have an instant perilous effect on the disaster. The intervening peril is those that intervene and thereby accelerate the intensity of the peril. Initiating perils are those that initiate and cause a peril. The fire insurance covers only those damages that are related to the peril. The efficient proximate cause does not apply to third-p arty policies while causative cause does not apply to first-party policies(Best Barnes, 2007). 2. Definitions Perils are devastations that are caused due to various reasons like a flood, lightening, earthquake, and other such reasons. Properties are generally insured against such perils. These perils are generally mentioned which being insured. Insurance is made on properties that include specific perils. Those perils that are not included under insurance are called as excluded perils. (Brown Gottlieb, 2008). Causation is connecting the peril that is the cause of the disaster and the loss of property or life. Types of Policies: Perils that are covered through various policies are Fire policy: This covers damages from lightning, fire, explosion, aircraft damage, strike, riot, storm, cyclone, hurricane, tempest, flood, earthquake, landslide and impact damage (Patukale, 2009). Mediclaim policy: This reimburses medical expenses that are incurred as an inpatient as a direct result of sickness or accident that has occurred or is contracted from any part world. Householders shopkeepers policy: This includes fire and its allied perils, housebreaking, burglary, baggage and personal accident and public liability (Loomba, 2014). Property Insurance: Insurance may be of two types which are Life insurance and Property insurance In property insurance, the policy considers the chain of events that caused the loss to property and the real cause of the loss to property. Efficient proximate causation is the direct causes that have resulted in that peril Types of Insurance First-Party Insurance Property insurance through first-party insurance is when the insurer is sued for the own loss of the insured. First party insurance is made on ones life, health, fire or disability. The policy is made on those that are mentioned in the contract of insurance. Third-Party Insurance Law distinguished When the insurance policy is purchased t protect oneself from another parties actions, it is called third-party insurance. Here the insured is the first party and the insurance company is the second party while getting protection from the claims of another party is termed as third party claim . Law of Causation The actual clause is the cause in fact. Causation connects the conduct with the result. It relates and connects the resulting effect and the conduct. The result may be an injury or damage. The damage should not be too remote; it should be a breach of duty thereby causing the damage. Causation is a component of tort. When there is liability insurance, there should be some harm that has occurred that has caused a loss to the claimant and this loss will be determined by the insurer in determining whether the loss will have to pay off. If the cause is covered by the policyholder, then the insurer will cover the loss and pay the amount of loss that is being claimed. The actual cause is the cause in fact which is measured through the clause but for. Here the plaintiff claims that he might not have been injured but for- the action of the defendant (Currier Eimermann, 2010). This is why the causation rule applies for third-party insurance liability policy. Two approaches in causation analysis There are two approaches to have causation is handled by the courts. They are Efficient proximate causation and Concurrent causation. Any remote reason that has caused the cause is done through the causation analysis and this is ruled in different ways in the courts of law. The cause that has caused the damage to property may be a proximate reason or a remote reason called as proximate causation and remote causation(Thoyts, 2010). Multiple-causation is when there is a substantial reason for the loss is more than one. The judge then selects from the various cause, determines if there is a real connection between the cause of loss and the damage. The claim is then made only if there is a true result of the loss to that property claimed(Kalis, Reiter, Segerdahl, 2015). Efficient proximate cause: Causa Proxima, no remote spectator is a Latin maxim on which the efficient proximate cause is based upon. This Latin phrase says that the immediate cause is taken for consideration while any remote cause cannot be considered while evaluating the cause of loss to property. If there are more than one cause, the efficient proximate cause is that which has initiated and set the other causes to occur. The loss is pointed to the efficient proximate cause though there may be other reasons that ultimately followed. The argument made here is that in the efficient proximate cause, the third party policies cannot be considered while, in the concurrent causation doctrine, first-party policies will not be considered(Best Barnes, 2007). The proximate cause is that cause which is due to the primary peril and is nearest in time to the result (Huebner, 1922). Rules inefficient proximate cause of loss: If the peril causes loss directly and it is covered, coverage will be provided through the policy. If the peril does not cause loss directly, it will not be covered by the policy (Mann Roberts, 2010). Some rules are The efficient proximate cause of loss might be peril that occurred before the peril nearer to the place or time of loss. The Efficient proximate cause of loss is peril that occurs without the concurrence of unforeseen circumstances. The efficient proximate cause of loss is a loss from a peril which has no intervening or intermediate or controlling cause. The efficient proximate cause of loss is peril acted upon by a subsequent peril(s) and may operate immediately to produce a . The efficient proximate cause of loss is connected essentially with the loss. The immediate peril is just incidental to the peril. Initiating peril does not become an efficient proximate cause of loss when the subsequent peril not immediately stimulated intervenes and causes loss. When there is independent perils, the efficient proximate cause of loss is the immediate or nearest peril The intervening cause of loss peril is independent if it intervenes into the natural event sequence. Initiating peril becomes proximate cause of loss when it naturally acted upon irrespective of whether it is a covered or excluded peril. Concurrent Causation Doctrine Analysis: Concurrent causes are those causes that are equal or almost equally efficient to the loss. To constitute a concurrent proximate cause, each of the peril must be a necessary condition to the loss too (Song, 2014). Traditional Rule: The traditional rule, over the years, has been applied to both first parties as well as to liability insurance. As per the traditional rule, when a covered peril is combined with a peril that has not been included, the loss is not covered by the insurance. So, it is required of the insured to show that his loss was caused only by the covered peril. In turn, it becomes the duty of the insurer to investigate and prove that causes that are not listed in the policy also play a role in the peril. If proved, then the losses will not be compensated for. A variation of the traditional rule has been applied by the traditional rule. Case Study: The methodology used to study the efficient proximate cause is through case analysis. The case analysis is made to study the initiating peril, the intervening peril, and the immediate peril. Each peril is analyzed through an independent case study and the fire policy that covers these policies is seen. The fire policy may be due to fire, thunder, storm, earthquake, etc. These reasons should be through a natural reason from an external source and not due to natural heating or spontaneous combustion. It also does not include theft, burglary, and larceny or due to the actions of any other person involved in the loss.(Arunajatesan Viswanathan, 2009) Case Study I- Initiating Peril: The initiating peril is that peril that has initiated the loss. The case studied here is: Queen had insured Paul Cox in Cox v. Queen Insurance Company of America. The contract for insurance was made against loss in the sea due to hail, windstorm or hurricane on the ship. However, the ship was not insured against tidal water or high water. The property of Cox at Fulton Beach in Texas was heavily damaged. The insured claimed that the loss to the ship was due to windstorm and hail. He claimed that the loss had resulted in heavy damage to the ship. However, the court claimed that there were many reasons that caused damage to the ship. The damage to the ship was not due to hailstorm only that had resulted in loss and damage to the ship. This was the declaration made by the court towards the property of Cox. The windstorm, the initiating peril, probably acted as the cause for the high water. In this case, the loss to the ship was not due to a hailstorm. The ship was damaged as the mast and the spars of the ship. Only if the loss had occurred due to the heavy hailstorm and it had been torn or carried away due to the heavy hailstorm it would have resulted in initiating peril(Owen, 1853). Another incident was seen through the Lydick v. Insurance Company of North America case where William and James Lydick were running a cattle feeding business. They were partners who had insured their cattle against windstorm. However, the cattle had strayed when there was a snowstorm. While straying, they had sustained a heavy injury while some of them had got lost. However, the court ruled that the cattle was injured as it had strayed away and not due to the snowstorm(Smith Simpson, 2006). Case Study II- Immediate Peril: James, on a visit to the feedlot, found around 99 cattle dead in a pond, because the cattle had apparently drowned once they had moved to a pond that was covered in ice and had broken through the ice. At the time of discovery of the cattle, the wind was blowing at the rate of 30 miles per hour and it had gusts up to 40 to 50 miles per hour, just like it had blown the previous day. The cattle appeared to have begun its descent into the sheltered area that is around the pond covered in ice(Smith Simpson, 2006). The ice covered pond comes into existence because of the cold and the windstorm. The temperature in the sheltered area is around 15 to 20 degrees warmer. It was concluded by the court that the loss was not caused directly by the windstorm. Rather, the collapse of the ice covering the pond was the immediate cause. Because it was sheltered from the cold wind, the temperature surrounding the pond region, which was depressed. However, they also argued that the cold wind is immediate cause that led to the cattle crossing the pond. The combination of the windstorm with the cold weather and the snowstorm all culminated and led to the loss of the life of the cattle. If the masts and spars of any ship are damaged or if the sail is torn or has been carried away, unless the loss is directly traced to perils of the sea that were immediate and violent, these expenses need not be borne by the underwriter (Owen, 1853). The term immediate cause does not necessarily mean the fire should be nearest to the loss throughout the sequence of events, it will come within the term fire even if it is not nearest to the sequence of loss and if other events merely contribute to it (Tyagi Tyagi, 2007). Case Study III- Intervening Cause: A yatch was insured for its hull. The yatch owner, Ronald Goodman, in the Goodman v. Firemans Fund Insurance Co., had the hull insurance from the Firemans Fund. The hull was not insured against ice and freeze by the insurance. During the cold winter, when the yatch was laid up, there was a heavy snow(Smith Simpson, 2006). The snow had frozen the cooling system and later the water drained into the hull and corrupted the cooling system and the yatch sank into the sea. The insured claimed that the yatch was insured and had sunk into the sea. However, the court ruled that the sea sank into the water due to the cooling system which had frozen and dropped cool water which had resulted towards its failure and sinking. The intervening cause which was loss due to the frozen was not insured against and Goodman could not get his claim (Hammond, 1840). Though there may be perils from the sea, unless the intervening cause is predominant it cannot be claimed against(Baughen, 2015). Conclusion: The research undertaken is an argumentative essay that has studied the efficient proximate cause. This has been done through studying three types of cases. It has been argued that unless the cause for loss, such as Loss of the ship in the case of Cox was not due to the initiating peril. The death of the cattle was not due to the ice but due to the windstorm and James could not claim his insurance. The loss of the and the hull was due to the freezing climate and was not the intervening peril. Case studies help to learn more about the laws. The case studies undertaken in insurance under efficient proximate cause prove that unless the cause for the loss is due to the most proximate reason it will not be considered (Frangiamore, 2012). The specific ground of proof should be sufficient to claim damages and the proof should be clear and be due to the immediate, intervening or initiating peril (Soyer Tettenborn, 2015)(Llewellyn, 2013). Through these arguments, these cases have been proved to show that the covered peril should be a part of the insurance. The argument made is that remote cause cannot be claimed by the insured. It is only the immediate, intervening or initiating cause that is relevant to the case that will be considered by the insurer. References Alexander, L. G. (1999). Essay and letter writing. Hyderabad: Orient Longman. Arunajatesan, S., Viswanathan, T. S. (2009). Risk management and insurance: Concepts and practices of life and general insurance. New Delhi: Macmillan. Baughen, S. (2015). Shipping law. New York: Routledge. Best, A., Barnes, D. W. (2007). Basic tort law: cases statutes and problems. New York: Aspen Publishers. Brown, R., Gottlieb. (2008). Introduction to ratemaking and loss reserving for property and casuality insurance. Connecticut: ACTEX Publications. Currier, K., Eimermann, T. (2010). Introduction to paralegal studies: A critical thinking approach. New York: Aspen Publishers. Frangiamore, D. (2012). How insurance companies settle cases. Costa Mesa: James Publishing Inc. Hammond, E. (1840). Treatise on the law of fire insurance and insurance on inland waters. New York: Kneeland and Metcalf Printers. Huebner, S. (1922). Property insurance. New York: D.Appleton and Company. Kalis, P., Reiter, T., Segerdahl, J. (2015). Policyholder guide to the law of insurance coverage. New York: Wolters Kluwer. Llewellyn, D. (2013). Teaching high school science through inquiry and argumentation. California: SAGE Publications. Loomba, J. (2014). Risk management and insurance planning. New Delhi: PHI Learning. Mann, R., Roberts, B. (2010). Business law and the legal environment. Boston: Cengage learning. Mathias, J., Shugrue, J., Marrinson, T. (2006). Insurance coverage disputes. New York: Law Journal Press. Murphy, L., Downs, A., Levin, J. (2007). Property insurance:Litigator's handbook. Chicago: ABA Publshing. Owen, S. (1853). The New York legal observer: Reports of cases decided in the courts of equity and common law. New York: Stephen Angel. Patukale, K. (2009). Insurance for everyone. Delhi: Macmillan India Ltd. Song, M. (2014). Causation in insurance contract law. New York: Informa Law. Soyer, B., Tettenborn, A. (2015). Offshore contracts and liabilities. New York: Informa Law. Thoyts, R. (2010). Insurance theory and practice. New York: Routledge. Tyagi, C. L., Tyagi, M. (2007). Insurance law and practice. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers.